2: ‘Not One More’: Music, Memory and the Struggle for Gender Justice in Spain Available to Purchase

This chapter examines how music in Spain has become a powerful medium for confronting gender-based violence and feminicide, tracing its evolution from the late Franco dictatorship to the digital present. It explores how songs by artists such as María Jiménez, Rozalén and contemporary urban performers transform individual experiences of pain and resistance into collective soundscapes of feminist memory. Drawing on feminist, memory and affect theories (Jelin, Hirsch, Ahmed, Butler) together with performance and resonance approaches (Taylor, Rigney), the chapter conceptualises listening as an ethical and political act that mediates between mourning and mobilisation. Set against Spain’s socio-legal framework – marked by the 2004 Gender Violence Act, successive reforms and sustained feminist activism – it highlights how music amplifies social awareness while exposing the limits of institutional responses. Despite significant legal and cultural progress, feminicides persist, revealing the need for affective and cultural forms of justice beyond the law. By analysing genres from flamenco and pop to reggaetón and digital activism, the chapter argues that feminist music functions as both testimony and reparation, transforming grief into resonance. Ultimately, it presents music as a living archive of gender justice, where memory, affect and activism converge to sustain resistance and hope.