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Agentic AI: AI systems that do more than answer prompts: they can take initiative, break down goals into sub-tasks, call tools, and act over time toward an objective. In an educational context, agentic AI might proactively sequence resources, monitor learner progress, and adjust plans – always within human-defined constraints, roles, and oversight.

Artificial General Intelligence (AGI): A hypothetical form of AI capable of performing at least as well as humans across most cognitive tasks: reasoning, learning, transfer, creativity, and social understanding. In this book, AGI primarily functions as a horizon concept – a means of inquiring about what education would be like as AI becomes more flexible and general, without assuming that full AGI exists today.