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HANDBOOK OF TRANSPORT AND THE ENVIRONMENT

4

Series Editors

DAVID A. HENSHER

KENNETH J. BUTTON

HANDBOOK OF TRANSPORT AND THE ENVIRONMENT

Edited by

DAVID A. HENSHER

Institute of Transport Studies, University of Sydney

KENNETH J. BUTTON

The School of Public Policy, George Mason University

United Kingdom – North America – Japan –

India – Malaysia – China

Emerald Group Publishing Limited

Howard House, Wagon Lane, Bingley BD16 1WA, UK

Third edition 2008. Previous editions 1982, 1988

Copyright © 2016 Emerald Group Publishing Limited

No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying issued in the UK by The Copyright Licensing Agency and in the USA by The Copyright Clearance Center. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the text, illustrations or advertisements. The opinions expressed in these chapters are not necessarily those of the Editor or the publisher.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978-1-78-635951-3

Printed and bound in Great Britain by

CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham and Eastbourne

Transportation and logistics research has now reached maturity, with a solid foundation of established methodology for professionals to turn to and for future researchers and practitioners to build on. Elsevier is marking this stage in the life of the subject by launching a landmark series of reference works: Elsevier’s Handbooks in Transport. Comprising specially commissioned chapters from the leading experts of their topics, each title in the series will encapsulate the essential knowledge of a major area within transportation and logistics. To practitioners, researchers and students alike, these books will be authoritative, accessible and invaluable.

David A. Hensher

Kenneth J. Button