The model is organised into stimulus, organism, and response sections. In the stimulus section, adoption of A I in higher education connects to entrepreneurship education with 0.701 three asterisks. Adoption of A I connects to perceived usefulness with 0.631 three asterisks and to entrepreneurial self-efficacy with 0.315 three asterisks. Entrepreneurship education connects to perceived usefulness with 0.238 three asterisks and to entrepreneurial self-efficacy with 0.407 three asterisks. In the organism section, perceived usefulness and entrepreneurial self-efficacy are shown. In the response section, perceived usefulness connects to entrepreneurial competency with 0.132 three asterisks, and entrepreneurial self-efficacy connects to entrepreneurial competency with 0.748 three asterisks.Hypotheses testing results