The model is organised into three sections labelled stimulus, organism, and response. In the stimulus section, adoption of A I in higher education connects to entrepreneurship education with H 1. Adoption of A I also connects to perceived usefulness with H 2 a and to entrepreneurial self-efficacy with H 3 a. Entrepreneurship education connects to perceived usefulness with H 2 b and to entrepreneurial self-efficacy with H 3 b. In the organism section, perceived usefulness and entrepreneurial self-efficacy are shown as central variables. In the response section, perceived usefulness connects to entrepreneurial competency with H 4 a, and entrepreneurial self-efficacy connects to entrepreneurial competency with H 4 b.